Coffee beans toxicity in pets

Methyloxantines work by blocking adenosine receptors, leading to central nervous system stimulation. This causes increased heart rate, restlessness, and hyperactivity. Methylxanthines also cause the release of adrenaline, further stimulating the heart and nervous system. Additionally, they increase calcium levels inside cells, which can lead to stronger muscle contractions and heart arrhythmias.

Depends on a dose.

Gastrointestinal: vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration. Also polyuria, polydipsia, restlessness.

Cardiovascular: tachypnea, tachycardia/bradycardia, hypertension, hypetermia, arrhythmia.

Neurological: tremors, ataxia, muscle rigidity, seizures, coma.

Induce emesis 1-2 hours after consumption, unless the patient shows symptoms (due to the risk of aspiration). In such cases, gastric lavage should be performed.

Administer activated charcoal at 1 g/kg three times a day, but avoid it if vomiting or neurological signs are present. Continue for 48 h because of enterohepatic recirculation.

Provide fluid therapy to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.

Antiemetics:

• Maropitant: 1 mg/kg once daily SC

• Ondansetron: 0.5-1 mg/kg twice daily IV

Anticonvulsants:

• Midazolam: 0.1-0.25 mg/kg IV

• Diazepam: 0.5-2 mg/kg IV

Tachycardia and Hypertension:

• Metoprolol: 0.1 mg/kg three times daily

Arrhythmia:

• Lidocaine: 2 mg/kg IV, followed by CRI 0.03-0.08 mg/kg/min

Bradyarrhythmia:

• Atropine: 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV

If you suspect your pet has ingested coffee, contact a veterinarian immediately. Quick action is crucial to prevent serious health issues.