Tangerine toxicity in pets

substance: Psoralens and volatile oils

categories:

Fruits & Vegetables

symptoms:

Abdominal pain / Diarrhea / Hypersalivation / Tremors / Vomiting / Weakness

# Description

Tangerines, while not highly toxic to pets, should be given with caution due to the presence of psoralens and volatile oils, particularly in the peel and pith. These compounds can cause gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting and diarrhea, and may lead to more severe symptoms in sensitive animals. The fruit’s high sugar content and acidity can also contribute to stomach discomfort and other health issues, especially in pets with preexisting conditions. While small amounts of the flesh may be safe for dogs, tangerines are generally not recommended for pets, especially cats, who are more sensitive to citrus.

# How it works

The toxicity of tangerines in pets is due to psoralens and volatile oils, mainly found in the peel and pith. Psoralens can disrupt DNA repair, especially under UV light, causing photosensitivity and skin irritation. Volatile oils like limonene and linalool irritate the gastrointestinal tract and can depress the nervous system, particularly in cats, which have limited detoxification abilities. Additionally, the fruit’s sugar and acidity can exacerbate stomach irritation or cause blood sugar spikes, especially in pets with preexisting conditions.

# Symptoms

Gastrointestinal Signs:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Drooling or excessive salivation
- Abdominal pain
Photosensitivity (in severe cases):
- Redness or irritation on exposed skin (caused by psoralens under UV light).
Neurological Signs (rare):
- Lethargy
- Weakness or ataxia (loss of coordination)
Other Possible Signs:
- Loss of appetite
- Increased thirst (from dehydration due to vomiting or diarrhea)

These symptoms are more severe if a significant quantity of peel or pith is consumed.

# Treatment

If a pet consumes a large amount of tangerine (particularly the peel), emesis can be induced to prevent further absorption if the ingestion was recent and the patient is stable. However, if the pet is not vomiting, activated charcoal (1–3 g/kg) may be administered to bind remaining toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, often followed by a cathartic to aid elimination.

Symptomatic treatment should address the specific clinical signs:

Antiemetics: To manage nausea and vomiting.
IV Fluids: To maintain hydration and support kidney and liver function.
Gastroprotectants: Such as sucralfate or omeprazole, to soothe and protect the stomach lining from irritation caused by the fruit’s acidity or volatile oils.

# Prognosis

If ingestion occurs, monitor for adverse reactions and consult a veterinarian if needed.

Symptoms